Abstract Fresh vegetables and fruits need oxygen (O2) to carry out their metabolic activities, particularly respiration. The procedure where the actively respiring commodity is sealed in film packages made of polymer to change the CO2 and O2 levels of concentration inside the package environment required to increase shelf-life and preserve freshness is referred to as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). To affect the product's metabolism being packaged or the activity of organisms that cause degradation to extend the time of preservation, it is frequently desired to create an environment high in CO2 and low in O2. MAP changes the environment and increases moisture preservation that has a bigger impact on quality preservation. Moreover, packing separates the product from the surrounding environment, assisting in the creation of circumstances that, if not hygienic, at the very least minimize exposure to infections and pollutants, as well as physiological damage. MAP is a dynamic mechanism that occurs concurrently throughout permeation and respiration. As a result, MAP design necessitates the assessment of the product's intrinsic features, such as film permeability, optimal O2 and CO2 gas concentrations, and respiration rate. The goal of MAP design is to specify parameters that will provide the greatest feasible environment within the package for increasing the product's shelf-life in the quickest possible time. This is accomplished by synchronizing the packed produce's respiration rate with O2 and CO2 gas penetration rate through the film. The current study contains a detailed discussion of all of these elements of MAP.

Abstract Soybean meal is an important component of poultry and fish feed formulations. Soybean cultivation and use date back to China's agrarian era. Its usage for human consumption is mentioned in Chinese medicinal collections reaching back 6,000 years. For generations, soybean has meant oil, bread, cheese, milk, and meat to the people of Indonesia, the Philippines, Manchuria, Korea, Japan, and China. Soybeans are an oilseed crop that provides food for wildlife, birds, and humans. Acetochlor and clomazone are two insecticides that are commonly employed to safeguard soybeans from weeds and are both highly problematic. The goal of this research was to see the effect of acetochlor and clomazone on soybean food safety. Employing UPLC-MS/MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometer), acetochlor and clomazone concentrations in mature straw, mature soybean, green straw, and green soybean were measured. The RSDs (relative standard deviations) range from 2-11%, the compound recoveries varied from 86-110% at various concentration levels. 0.01 mg kg-1 was the quantitation limit for each herbicide matrix. When taken at the prescribed dose, clomazone and acetochlor residues in soybeans were all less than 0.01 mg.kg-1 at harvest. Soybean is an oilseed crop and significant edible, as well as a valuable source of human nourishment.

Abstract Poultry processing is characterized by the accumulation of significant volumes of industrial waste (manure, waste from the incubation and slaughter of poultry, feathers, and carcasses). The overall purpose of this review is to analyze the current global practice of recycling poultry waste and by-products and to study the technological prospects for modifying their properties in terms of obtaining value-added products and preventing environmental pollution. Processing agricultural raw materials in a waste-free production cycle is based on certain economic and ecological aspects. The variety of morphological structures and chemical compositions of by-products and waste allows to obtain valuable components using a wide range of modern processing technologies. The use of recycled waste and by-products of poultry processing varies widely: from applications in food technologies to the production of biofuels. Many researchers strive to develop efficient technologies for converting secondary poultry products; a great deal of attention is paid to enzyme-based technologies, which have been improved significantly.